Passenger cars safety has remarkably improved in the past twenty years mainly based on the basis of passive safety. The major goal of simulation in this field is to calculate the expected energy absorption phenomena when a crash occurs. These simulation results then can be used to develop structural architectures better fitted to shock absorption. Various new, advanced materials are available for automotive applications. Several studies in automotive and steel industry indicate an increase in implementation of extra forming high strength steels (e.g. DP and TRIP steels) in next generation vehicles. The specific characteristic of these steel grades is the significant work-hardening behaviour.

Various studies indicate that the consideration of the changed material characteristic due to the manufacturing process is important for predictive crash analyses.